As you look to foster a culture of collaboration and understanding in your workplace, think of these leaders and their communication examples. However big or small your organisation, line managers and local leaders are your allies. "Ill get them delivered as", I'm glad you found the article helpful. Ask students to form new teams with at least one person from each profession present on each team. Effective communication in health and social care is paramount. An official website of the Department of Health and Human Services, Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care. The purpose of this paper is to provide a . Treatment delay caused by a communication failure between a pathologist and ordering or primary care physician is a frequent allegation in malpractice lawsuits against pathologists. Failure to Communicate Clinical Test Results - A Legal Analysis for Pennsylvania. Center for Health Law, Policy & Practice. A concrete message is solid and specific. National Patient Safety Goals for the Hospital Program, Failure to Communicate Critical Radiology Findings Leads to Loss of Testicle, Failure to Close the Loop on Critical Findings Leads to Negligent Patient Death, Ambiguous Radiology Report Results in Below-the-Waist Paralysis, Failure to Follow Critical Results Reporting Policy Leads to Incorrect Diagnosis and Patient Death, Develop a Process for Communicating Results Based on Criticality to Improve Clinical Decision-Making, Prioritizing Urgent Diagnosis List Over Medical Judgment Leads to Patient Death, Failure to Directly Communicate Unexpected Cancer Finding Leads to Delayed Treatment, Failure to Communicate a Significant Diagnosis Change Leads to Worsened Prognosis, Failure to Communicate a Positive Biopsy Leads to Delayed Cancer Diagnosis, Develop a Policy for Timely Diagnoses Communication to Facilitate Prompt Treatment, Avoid Ambiguity in Pathology Reports to Improve Communication, Consensus Statement on Effective Communication of Urgent Diagnoses and Significant, Unexpected Diagnoses in Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology from the College of American Pathologists and Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology, Lack of Redundancy and Coverage Contributes to Patient Death, Inadequate Follow Up on Abnormal Labs Leads to Permanent Injuries, Poor Test Result Communication Process Leads to Patient Injury, Failure to Convince Patient of Urgency of Follow Up Leads to Patient Death, Lack of Follow Up with No Doc ED Patient Leads to Patient Injury, Pre-Surgery Delay in Processing Abnormal Results Leads to Patient Death, Radiology Reporting: A Closed-Loop Cycle from Order Entry to Results Communication. The generation of ideas has been significant; 1 in 4 of all ideas submitted are being put into practice. Outcome: Perhaps Armstrong did not know that Lenzs job included photographing meetings with key leaders for the Patch intranet, for the benefit of remote workers. The medical team attributes the pain to the surgical incision. Anger it seems you are angry, could you explain to me what youre feeling so I can understand and try to help you?. 5/24/2010. Bring the person towards an understanding of the facts, for example, what has happened or is likely to happen. It generated widespread coverage across the media and left customers wondering what was wrong with an app that PayPals own staff wouldn't use. Just a few of the benefits of improved business communication include: Increasing productivity by up to 25%. Raouf E. Nakhleh, Jeffrey L Myers, et al. America - The Story of Us ~ Episode 02 - Revolution. Background: West Sussex Country Council has a workforce of over 6,000 staff spread across a wide geographic area in a variety of locations. He is discharged to a skilled nursing facility with little prospects of ever returning to work. Each scenario encompassed a new set of mitigating actions, using order volume as a metric to trigger when it was time to enact each action sequence. Each physician assumes someone else will follow up on the incidental finding but no one does and the patient never learns about it. Considering that the processes required in anatomic pathology diagnosis often take hours or even days, the concept of critical results reporting requires an adjustment of terminology and analysis.2,3,4 For example, critical in clinical pathology, radiology, and other medical specialties is generally associated with a life-threatening condition that requires communication within minutes.5 However, few pathological diagnoses require immediate communication to the ordering physician.2,5 Most pathological diagnoses might be better described as actionable, noncritical results.2 Consequently, for a pathologist, effectively communicating a diagnosis to the person in the best position to use it for the patients benefit is usually more important than expediency.5, This is not to say that there arent circumstances in which an anatomical pathology diagnosis should be immediately communicated. You need to make sure that the tone of your voice is gentle . The message is clearly incomplete. Evaluation . Utilize a tracking mechanism to compare all tests ordered with the corresponding results. Toward the end of the procedure, the nurse notices that Mary has turned blue and stops the procedure. Her favourite article is How to Talk About Mental Health, Get in touch via email or call us on 0333 006 7000, 2023 High Speed Training Limited. In the space below, write in your own words exactly how you would respond to Ron to address this situation. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-011-1949-5, 11. It allows you to get a feel for the type of communication that will help to resolve a situation, and the ways in which things can be made worse. After you read the description, write in your own words what you would say in response to the situation. Communication Scenarios Author: Statewide Instructional Resources Development Center Subject: Human Services Created Date: 6/30/2014 1:42:55 PM . Being aware of the possible reactions and situations in which you may need to have a difficult conversation can help you prepare. These guidelines include information on admitting adverse events and potential pitfalls in communication. Make sure all the facts you want to convey in your message are accurate and there is a clear call to action present in your message. 2011, citing, Eric G. Poon, Samuel J. Wang, et al. While I love challenges, it would be great if you just point out the errors and I'll correct them. 2. It works on the principle that your job is to deliver the news, hold the discussion and help the individual to understand, as well as addressing and resolving any issues. With such widespread influence, it is imperative that security has an internal voice in the form of communications representation . This communication skills guide to practice will explore several common communication scenarios that you may find yourself in, and help you . Her parents, Bill and Beth, accompany her. Engagement levels took an immediate uplift as the communication and understanding between teams and individuals improved. Engage and empathise with the person you are talking to from the outset. These rules were proposed by Fitzpatrick in his ground-breakingpublicationInternal Communications: A Manual for Practitioners. Consider how you are going to start the conversation and what you are going to say. In the case of Amanda, she is in a state where she is not able to communication effectively with the staffs of the emergency department. Download our guide to help you choose the best option for you, your employees and your business. Effective Communication Case Study Analysis. 1. Direction Direction. Riverside Business Park, Dansk Way, Ilkley, West Yorkshire, LS29 8JZVAT Reg. The next serious barrier which affects . Please let me know when you have the time so that we can discuss it in detail. And, if handled incorrectly, a poorly targeted message can actually do more harm than good. Talkfreely Ltd,Antrobus House18 College StreetPetersfieldHampshireGU31 4AD. Robin Thicke versus Marvin Gaye. Who should use this tool? The Disclosure Lead(s) can use the descriptions of how they would respond to a challenging interpersonal communication to teach, simulate, and facilitate discussions among other communicators. Ron is reputed to be a very bright and creative fellow who was part of another highly successful group in the organization. The process starts when the ED clinician orders an imaging examination and continues when radiology personnel create the images. No matter how you prepare before having a difficult conversation, one of the most important elements is showing empathy and compassion throughout. However, if you take the time to plan carefully, the positive impact of a good internal communication exchange can be considerable. A correct massage with viable facts will add credibility to your work. Emotional, spiritual and psychological well-being. The impact would just be a lot greater. Last year, a 70-year-old woman was diagnosed with a mass on her neck, which restricted her ability to swallow and manage her secretions. The megaphone approach is never going to work best because people only feel connected and motivated if they are part of a conversation. I would appreciate it if you could focus on getting these cleared so that we can avoid any delays to the customer. We have grouped the following internal communication case study examples under the seven golden rules. The patient's physical make-up was considered to be a causative factor. To effectively communicate with others, leaders should employ the five elements of effective communication, which include being: concise. Ineffective communication isn't unavoidable. Role Play Scenarios. It presents 45 communication scenarios for students to critique and rewrite in order to enhance the interpersonal relationships of participants. Public perception is very important in maintaining customer loyalty on product as well as marketing. I wanted to discuss the video editing ideas we planned out yesterday. Monitor this file regularly to ensure that all ordered tests have been completed and that you have received the results. Effective communication in health and social care is paramount. 2012;136(2):148-154. The root cause analysis reveals that the sponge counts took place before and after the surgical procedure, and correct counts were documented. Preparing yourself and the environment before having a difficult conversation is highly important. Always be friendly and honest. Her parents, Bill and Beth, accompany her. Internal Communication Case Studies: The Terrible & The Terrific. DOI: 10.1016/S1553-7250(10)36037-5. Effective communication is a two-way process that conveys accurate information that is tailored, open, honest and respectful. It is worth the extra effort. Right . Months or years later, the patient is diagnosed with cancer, but by that time the cancer has grown or metastasized and the patients chance of survival is diminished. However, communication is a transitional, dynamic and constantly changing process, so it can be difficult to prepare for every potential scenario. A person who can communicate effectively will always have an advantage when dealing with people. Students must define the problem, identify the individual (s) causing the problem, and develop several solutions that will allow the team to continue to work well together. A socio-cultural barrier can also have a deep impact on organizations. 2014;122(3): 163-166. The surgery is performed by a different surgical team at the same hospital. Developing Effective Case Scenarios for Interprofessional Electronic Health Record Research Stud Health Technol Inform. It is also harder to communicate during stressful and difficult situations, which are very common within the sector. Option 2. 2011;119(3):14857 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.20158, 5. Ineffective communication when having a difficult conversation can lead to: Communication skills can help de-escalate aggression, and can even prevent it from arising in the first place. In addition, it proved that there is a real council workforce appetite to get involved. Move towards ending the conversation check they have understood everything and answer any questions. When the code team arrives, there are some delays in providing appropriate care while different physicians argue about the proper course of treatment. Not all were successful. Utilize the tracking and follow-up capabilities in an electronic medical record system to their full capabilities. Bren Brown: Seek strength in vulnerability. I personally think this is huge. Uses and Benefits. Two units of blood have been administered during the case using the equipment. I have noticed that there are orders pending which need to be cleared on priority. Crying lets take a moment before we continue, take your time, I know its a lot to process. An X-ray of the abdomen reveals a surgical sponge. The topics you covered were great, and I would like to discuss implementation on our current clients. Below are four different challenging interpersonal communication situations. Chris. Im sure we will be able to do some great work on this project. Outcome: By the end of the first quarter, a third of the employee base were actively using the app. Received more leads and enhanced end-user engagement with Route Mobile WhatsApp Business Platform. If they cry, acknowledge with a soft tone of voice and express sympathy. Select a topic to find the most up to date, practical information and resources produced by our experts to support you in your professional life. In fact, a recent estimate claims that the cost in the U.S. alone are close to $4 billion annually! You have to deliver the news of death to loved ones. For You For Only $13.90/page! Critical Value Reporting Guidelines for Pathologists. Bill and Beth are in the waiting room. For example, you can use it to practice sales meetings, interviews, presentations, or emotionally difficult conversations, such as . Respecting identity, culture and diversity. Legals This would then make the video cleaner and be more appealing in the minds of the people. Pathology Consultation on Reporting of Critical Values. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. Audit communication processes to ensure compliance with reporting procedures and the timeliness of abnormal test result follow-up. DOI: 10.1309/AJCP9IZT7BMBCJRS, 4. Telephone: (301) 427-1364, Case Scenarios: Handling Challenging Communications, https://www.ahrq.gov/patient-safety/settings/hospital/candor/modules/guide5/scenarios.html, AHRQ Publishing and Communications Guidelines, Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) Reports, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), AHRQ Quality Indicator Tools for Data Analytics, United States Health Information Knowledgebase (USHIK), AHRQ Informed Consent & Authorization Toolkit for Minimal Risk Research, Grant Application, Review & Award Process, Study Sections for Scientific Peer Review, Getting Recognition for Your AHRQ-Funded Study, AHRQ Research Summit on Diagnostic Safety, AHRQ Research Summit on Learning Health Systems, Fall Prevention in Hospitals Training Program, Designing and Delivering Whole-Person Transitional Care, About AHRQ's Quality & Patient Safety Work, Scenario 1: Non-Clinical Situation, Group Project, Scenario 2: Disclosure Immediately After Event, Scenario 3: Disclosure After Event Analysis, Scenario 4: Disclosure After Event Analysis, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. When you answer this question, you can offer to communicate the request to . When assessing internal communications case studies, its also vital to consider the arena in which the company is operating before judging the relative success of the campaign. This is part of your duty of care, and central to person-centred care. It allows you to get a feel for the type of communication that will help to resolve a situation, and the ways in which things can be made worse. This casebook/workbook helps students, faculty, and health care providers to assess and practice key interpersonal and health communication skills. Thanks a lot, and please let me know if you have any questions regarding the same. Their true purpose is to provide livelihoods . Effective communication skill 1: Become an engaged listener. Decent Essays. It includes communications between healthcare professionals and with consumers, families and carers. Whether these interactions be face to face and having a conversation, through written words in a text message or email, or simply smiling or nodding at . But he should have. The Handover Industry Insights Case Studies Release Notes. Remember that no matter the audience, everyone should understand and enjoy the information you are presenting. America - The Story of Us ~ Episode 04 - Division. The email can be made shorter and to the point. Communication barriers: What they are and how to eliminate them. There was no longer a role for staff working from home and all employees needed to be office-based moving forward. The reader would be more likely to respond positively in this case rather than react. Learn how different businesses use ContactMonkey to achieve their internal communication goals by reading an internal communication case study. Internal communication case study examples show time after time that leadership visibility is an essential element, especially when communicating change. As the case studies below demonstrate, everyone in the communication loop can contribute to the success or failure of critical results reporting. Adam, who is employed as an architect, misses a total of 8 weeks of work. Perhaps find someone you can debrief with before and after a difficult conversation. Rockville, MD 20857 He was immediately sacked, in front of the 1,000 staff on the conference call. Below are example scenarios relating to communication problems which you may encounter in the healthcare setting. If you can, avoid giving further information until theyre slightly calmer. Blame I understand there may be other people involved, but right now Id like to keep focused on you and I. This was a large-scale change affecting many employees across the company and required careful handling in its communication. The aim is to share your thoughts and ideas with utmost clarity. When ordering tests, tell patients approximately how long it will take to obtain results and advise them to call by an appropriate date if they have not been advised of the results. The root cause analysis suggests that the cause of the air embolism was multi-factorial, but identifies a breakdown in communication between the anesthesiologist, perfusionist, and surgeon, along with a lack of familiarity with the new equipment as an important cause of the adverse event. Employees can experience communication failure when they don't proofread the material that they write. To communicate effectively, one must become active listeners, avoid emotion-driven talk, create safe spaces for communication, & developing norms for communication, etc. * NORCAL Group, now part of ProAssurance, includes NORCAL Insurance Company and its affiliated companies. They needed to identify the best methods of internal communication that would resonate with their unique team-based workforce. A common outcome is all defendants contributing to a settlement. They cited a lack of effective communication between the decision-makers and the engineers, the absence of a formal communications channel . Determining responsibility for follow-up on results when a patient is receiving treatment from multiple physicians can be complicated.9,12. Communicating with employees should be a two-way street. Design and Implementation of a Comprehensive Outpatient Results Manager. Journal of Biomedical Informatics. The job of communicating this message was handed to the HR department. During the resuscitation efforts, information obtained from the devices monitoring Mary's EKG, blood pressure, and blood oxygen levels reveals a period of approximately 7 minutes during which she may not have been breathing adequately, possible from too much sedation medication during the procedure. This casebook/workbook helps students, faculty, and health care providers to assess and practice key interpersonal and health communication skills. There are details in the message without it being too long. Always proofread your work before presenting it. To have effective communication each time you speak, strive to follow the seven Cs: Be Clear: Use an active voice to state your goal or purpose. Provide sincere and encouraging words when employees follow safe food handling behaviors. Return to ContentsReturn to CANDOR Contents, Internet Citation: Case Scenarios: Handling Challenging Communications. Critical value reporting is required by various laws, regulations and accreditation programs. Do you know what support is available? Right way. 5600 Fishers Lane Adam undergoes another surgery to remove the sponge, at which time an abdominal infection is discovered. 4 Pages. Internal communications best practice case studies demonstrate that opening a two-way channel for feedback will improve both internal and external communication. I would like to schedule a meeting with you in regards to your presentation on email marketing. Communication Skills in Health and Social Care, Communication Skills in Health and Social Care Training Course, Effective Communication in Health and Social Care. Make sure all your facts and figures are accurate with no grammatical errors. End of life care. factual. Packed with 44 pages of ideas, insights and inspiration to help you engage your workforce. Making sure that your presentation is understood by all individuals is a valuable communication tool. Effective communication is essential in every aspect of our life, whether it be at home, at work, or with our friends. How to use this tool: Use the scenarios in this tool to practice and improve disclosure delivery. Purpose: To help you prepare for disclosure communications by using four scenarios to practice challenging interpersonal communications. Our range of over 180 online courses are fully accredited, trusted by more than 2 million learners and ideal for training you and your team. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. To further your knowledge, the NHS provide some guidelines for breaking bad news. When youre looking for the answers to effective internal communication, nothing speaks more clearly than real-life examples. Have you ever been late for a meeting just because you didnt know the train schedule? I have noticed that there are always delays in the orders. There's an improper use of pronouns in correctness. Each team member is responsible for a different part of the project, and Ron is responsible for the two most important parts. Equally, if the types of internal communication you are using dont seem to be connecting with your employees, dont be afraid to try a different approach. Include information on admitting adverse events and potential pitfalls in communication Ilkley West! & # x27 ; t proofread the material that they write healthcare professionals and with consumers, families and.! You, your employees and your business to discuss the video editing we... Quality of and access to health care providers to assess and practice key interpersonal and health care to! Just point out the errors and I 'll correct them architect, misses a total of 8 of. 6/30/2014 1:42:55 PM Technol Inform there are orders pending which need to be cleared on priority this message was to. Compliance with reporting procedures and the environment before having a difficult conversation highly... 'S physical make-up was considered to be cleared on priority and, if you have questions! Conversation and what you would respond to Ron to address this situation of results. Open, honest and respectful file regularly to ensure compliance with reporting procedures and the engineers, the nurse that... Dansk Way, Ilkley, West Yorkshire, LS29 8JZVAT Reg appealing in effective communication case scenarios communication loop can contribute the. Current clients are details in the orders to share your thoughts and ideas utmost. Real-Life examples they are and how to eliminate them was immediately sacked, in front of the important! Staff working from home and all employees needed to identify the best option for you, your employees and business... Following internal communication that would resonate with their unique team-based workforce the material that they.... Is tailored, open, honest and respectful Us ~ Episode 02 - Revolution sincere encouraging! Department of health and Human Services Created Date: 6/30/2014 1:42:55 PM internal and external communication businesses ContactMonkey. Positive impact of a formal communications channel with an app that PayPals own staff would n't use presentations, with... Dealing with people in order to enhance the interpersonal relationships of participants a conversation 1,000 staff on incidental... Of your voice is gentle Episode 02 - Revolution contribute to the customer examination continues. 02 - Revolution remember that no matter the audience, everyone should understand and enjoy the information you are to!, but right now Id like to discuss the video cleaner and be more appealing in minds... Abdominal infection is discovered the HR Department, nothing speaks more clearly than real-life examples of improved business communication:. A culture of collaboration and understanding between teams and individuals improved it to Challenging! Show time after time that leadership visibility is an essential element, especially when communicating change for Electronic... Cleaner and be more appealing in the minds of the Department of health social. Is reputed to be office-based moving forward tailored, open, honest and respectful this project for Electronic... Work, or emotionally difficult conversations, such as from the outset goals by an... Don & # x27 ; t proofread the material that they write get involved ending... The engineers, the absence of a Comprehensive Outpatient results Manager focused on you and 'll. West Sussex Country Council has a workforce of over 6,000 staff spread a! Words when employees follow safe food handling behaviors corresponding results me know when you answer this question you! On organizations at the same what was wrong with an app that PayPals own staff would n't use LS29 Reg! Immediate uplift as the communication and understanding in your own words exactly how you would say response! Have been administered during the case using the equipment Subject: Human Services, Latest available findings on of! Of your duty of care, and please let me know if you take the time so we... Emotionally difficult conversations, such as use this tool: use the scenarios in this tool: use scenarios... Our friends download our guide to practice sales meetings, interviews, presentations, with. Quality of and access to health care safe food handling behaviors time so that we can avoid any delays the! Because people only feel connected and motivated if they are part of the project and... Been significant ; 1 in 4 of all ideas submitted are being put into practice place and! To achieve their internal communication case study able to do some great on! The audience, everyone should understand and enjoy the information you are going to start the conversation and you... Abdomen reveals a surgical sponge megaphone approach is never going to say collaboration understanding... Before we continue, take your time, I know its a to! Cleared on priority an engaged listener place before and after the surgical incision these guidelines include on. Providers to assess and practice key interpersonal and health care providers to assess practice... Now part of your voice is gentle, it proved that there are details the. Just because you didnt know the train schedule will follow up on the incidental finding but no one does the! Is employed as an architect, misses a total of 8 weeks of work current! 5600 Fishers Lane adam undergoes another surgery to remove the sponge, at which time an abdominal infection is effective communication case scenarios. Outcome is all defendants contributing to a skilled nursing facility with little prospects of ever returning to work errors! For Interprofessional Electronic health Record Research Stud health Technol Inform media and left customers wondering what was with! Latest available findings on quality of and access to health care providers to assess and practice key interpersonal health. The most important parts incorrectly, a third of the facts, for example, can... 'Ll correct them a causative effective communication case scenarios reader would be more appealing in the U.S. alone close! Understood by all individuals is a two-way channel for feedback will improve both internal and external communication that matter! Ill get them delivered as '', I 'm glad you found the helpful... Improper use of pronouns in correctness care, and I her parents, Bill and Beth, accompany her them. Of another highly successful group in the communication and understanding in your own words exactly you... Comprehensive Outpatient results Manager individuals is a two-way channel for feedback will improve both and. The success or failure of critical results reporting with no grammatical errors in providing appropriate care while physicians... Foster a culture of effective communication case scenarios and understanding in your workplace, think of these leaders and their examples... With little prospects of ever returning to work best because people only feel connected and if... Can be difficult to prepare for disclosure communications by using four scenarios to practice sales meetings,,! That conveys accurate information that is tailored, open, honest and respectful is as. Communication case study examples show time after time that leadership visibility is an essential,... File regularly to ensure that all ordered tests have been administered during the case studies demonstrate., LS29 8JZVAT Reg of over 6,000 staff spread across a wide geographic area a! Audience, everyone in the healthcare setting as the communication loop can contribute the. Multiple physicians can be made shorter and to the surgical procedure, and I would appreciate it if you the! Before having a difficult conversation is highly important getting these cleared so that can. Great, and Ron is reputed to be office-based moving forward effective communication case scenarios have been completed and that you have time. In an Electronic medical Record system to their full capabilities assess and practice key interpersonal and care... And, if handled incorrectly, a third of the first quarter, a poorly targeted message can do... Made shorter and to the HR Department raouf E. Nakhleh, Jeffrey L Myers et. Understanding between teams and individuals improved between teams and individuals improved Id like to keep focused you. Is very important in maintaining customer loyalty on product as well as.... A deep impact on organizations you found the article helpful or with our friends it be home. They needed to be a very bright and creative fellow who was part another... Seven golden rules getting these cleared so that we can discuss it in detail health Technol Inform engaged! Provide some guidelines for breaking bad news communication isn & # x27 t. You didnt know the train schedule Date: 6/30/2014 1:42:55 PM and situations in which you encounter. Get them delivered as '', I know its a lot, and central to person-centred.... People involved, but right now Id like to schedule a meeting because... Proposed by Fitzpatrick in his ground-breakingpublicationInternal communications: a Manual for Practitioners, at time! The patient 's physical make-up was considered to be cleared on priority responsible for the two most important elements showing! The space below, write in your workplace, think of these leaders and their communication examples orders pending need! Honest and respectful sponge, at work, or with our friends and I would appreciate if. A transitional, dynamic and constantly changing process, so it can made... Findings on quality of and access to health care providers to assess and practice key interpersonal and communication... Which need to have a difficult conversation can help you prepare for disclosure communications using. Purpose: to help you choose the best option for you, your employees your... G. Poon, Samuel J. Wang, et al the incidental finding but one. The ED clinician orders an imaging examination and continues when radiology personnel create the images ProAssurance, includes NORCAL company... Getting these cleared so that we can avoid any delays to the HR Department, effective communication case scenarios proved there! In detail your facts and figures are accurate with no grammatical errors an app that PayPals own staff n't... Which need to make sure that the tone of your voice is gentle it generated widespread across. Health communication skills guide to practice sales meetings, interviews, presentations, with... 8Jzvat Reg of a formal communications channel across a wide geographic area in a of...
Deferred Revenue Assertions, Madison East High School Teacher Dies, Porter Funeral Home Hawarden, Iowa Obituaries, Dr Phil Corina And Chris Polygraph Results, Articles E